Czech Grammar
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← B2 · Upper intermediate

The passive

Dům byl postaven… Tady se mluví česky.

In short

Czech has two passives. The everyday one uses se: Tady se mluví česky (Czech is spoken here). The more formal one is být + a passive form of the verb: Dům byl postaven v roce 1900.

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Full explanation

1. The se passive (very common)

Just add se to the verb, in the 3rd person: Jak se to řekne česky? Kde se prodávají lístky? Ten most se opravuje. This is what you'll hear most in daily life.

2. být + passive participle (more formal)

The passive participle usually ends in -n or -t, and it agrees with the subject like the past tense does:

Verbm.f.n.
postavitpostavenpostavenapostaveno
napsatnapsánnapsánanapsáno
otevřítotevřenotevřenaotevřeno
umýtumytumytaumyto

In everyday speech Czechs often prefer the adjective form (Obchod je zavřený) or simply an active sentence (Ten dům postavili v roce 1900).

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